Sash vs Casement Windows – Which is More Secure?

Windows are one of the most vulnerable points in any home when it comes to security. Whether you’re living in a traditional period property or a more modern home, ensuring your windows are properly secured is essential to protecting both your property and your loved ones. 

Among the most common types of windows are wooden sash and casement windows. Each has its own design characteristics, benefits, and potential security challenges. 

For this guide, we spoke to Todi & Boys, specialists in timber windows and doors for some expert insight. They’ll compare the security of wooden sash and casement windows, highlighting their individual strengths and weaknesses, and offering tips on how to secure them effectively.

Why Window Security Matters

Window security is crucial because windows are often the first place intruders target when attempting to break into a home. Without adequate protection, windows can easily be manipulated or broken, compromising the safety of your home. 

Securing your windows can help prevent break-ins, reduce the risk of property damage, and provide peace of mind. In addition to deterring thieves, properly secured windows also help protect against environmental factors such as drafts, pests, and noise pollution, contributing to overall home safety and comfort.

Overview of Timber Sash and Casement Window Designs

Sash Windows: Timber sash windows are classic, vertically sliding windows that have been used in homes for centuries. They feature a system of weights and pulleys that allow the window to slide up and down. Sash windows are commonly found in period properties and are known for their timeless aesthetic. However, their traditional design can sometimes pose security challenges, as older models may lack modern locking mechanisms or have weakened frames due to age.

Casement Windows: Timber Casement windows, on the other hand, are side-hinged windows that open outward like a door. This design allows for a greater degree of ventilation compared to sash windows, as they can be fully opened. Casement windows are more commonly found in modern homes, and some period properties’ conservation rules don’t allow for them. They are often fitted with locks and handles to secure them when closed. While they generally offer better natural security than sash windows, casement windows are still susceptible to wear and tear over time, especially at the hinges or locks.

Sash Window Security

What Are Sash Windows?

Sash windows are traditional windows with a distinctive design, commonly found in period and older properties. They consist of two vertically sliding sashes that move within a frame. 

The design typically relies on a system of weights, pulleys, and cords to allow the window to slide smoothly. Sash windows are typically made of timber, giving them a classic, aesthetic appeal, but this can also introduce certain security challenges, especially in older models that may lack modern security features.

Common Security Vulnerabilities of Wooden Sash Windows

While sash windows are charming and provide character to any home, they can present several security vulnerabilities, particularly in older properties:

1. Weak Locking Mechanisms: Older sash windows may not have modern locks, leaving them vulnerable to being opened by intruders. Even when locks are present, they may not be strong enough to resist forceful entry.
2. Worn-out Frame and Weights System: Over time, the frame and weight-and-pulley system may deteriorate, leading to gaps that make the window easier to manipulate.
3. Sliding Mechanism: The vertical sliding mechanism can be exploited by intruders, who may be able to bypass poorly secured windows by simply removing the window from its frame.
4. Single Layer of Glass: Some older sash windows may feature only a single layer of glass, making them more vulnerable to breakage and easier to break into.

Effective Security Solutions for Sash Windows

Securing sash windows involves addressing their vulnerabilities through a combination of modern locks, reinforcements, and regular maintenance:

1. Install High-Quality Sash Locks: Key-operated sash locks and other security locks prevent the window from being opened without a key, making it harder for burglars to gain access.
2. Use Sash Stops or Restrictors: These devices limit how far the window can slide, making it difficult for intruders to force it open beyond a small gap.
3. Reinforce the Frame and Sashes: Reinforcing the frame with additional hardware and ensuring the sliding sashes are secure can make it harder for intruders to bypass or remove the window.
4. Double Glazing: Replacing single-glazed panes with double-glazed glass can enhance security, making the window more difficult to break.

Top Sash Window Security Locks and Ironmongery

When securing wooden sash windows, using quality ironmongery and security locks is essential for preventing break-ins:

1. Key-Operated Sash Locks: These locks secure the window in place, preventing it from being opened from the outside. They come in various designs, from classic to modern, and can fit seamlessly into traditional sash windows.
2. Sash Stops and Restrictors: Sash stops limit the window’s opening, reducing the chance of forced entry while still allowing ventilation. These are essential for securing windows in homes where ventilation is needed but full opening is not.
3. Heavy-Duty Sash Fasteners: Stronger, more secure fasteners offer an additional layer of protection by making it difficult for intruders to pry open or force the window open.
4. Steel or Brass Bolts: Reinforcing sash windows with sturdy bolts can prevent the sashes from being moved, offering enhanced security.

Maintaining and Upgrading Sash Window Security

Maintaining and upgrading the security of sash windows is crucial to ensure their effectiveness over time. Here are some tips:

1. Regular Inspection: Periodically inspect the window frame, sashes, and locks for wear and tear. Look for gaps in the frame, loose hardware, or frayed cords, and repair them promptly.
2. Upgrade Old Locks: If your sash windows still have old or inadequate locks, upgrade to more secure modern options, such as key-operated locks or multi-point locking systems.
3. Weatherproofing: Wooden windows can expand and contract with temperature changes. Ensure that the frame is sealed properly to avoid gaps that may compromise security.
4. Professional Maintenance: If your sash windows are older, consider consulting a professional to upgrade the ironmongery, install more robust locks, or reinforce the window frames to enhance security.

Casement Windows Security

What Are Casement Windows?

Casement windows are side-hinged windows that open outward, typically operated with a crank or handle. These windows are popular in both traditional and modern homes due to their versatility, ease of use, and excellent ventilation. 

Wooden casement windows, especially in older properties, often feature classic craftsmanship but may have security vulnerabilities that need addressing.

Security Issues with Wooden Casement Windows

While casement windows are generally more secure than other window types, wooden frames and traditional designs can introduce some security concerns:

1. Weak Locking Mechanisms: Traditional casement windows often feature simple latches or handles that may not be robust enough to withstand tampering or forceful entry.
2. Vulnerable Hinges: The single-hinge mechanism used in many casement windows can be prone to wear over time. This can create a weak point that burglars may exploit to force open the window.
3. Wood Deterioration: Wooden frames can deteriorate over time due to exposure to the elements. This can weaken the structure, making the window easier to break into or tamper with.
4. Limited Security Features: Older wooden casement windows may lack modern security features such as multi-point locks, which can offer more secure closures.

Best Locking Solutions for Casement Windows

To enhance security for wooden casement windows, it is essential to invest in reliable locking systems:

1. Key-Operated Casement Locks: These locks secure the window firmly in place, preventing it from being opened from the outside. Key-operated locks are a good deterrent against break-ins and are easy to operate.
2. Espagnolette Bolts: These multi-point locking systems are ideal for casement windows. They lock the window at multiple points along the frame, providing enhanced security and making it more difficult to force open.
3. Lockable Window Fasteners: These are simple yet effective locking devices that allow the window to be locked at different positions, making it harder for intruders to access the interior.
4. Heavy-Duty Casement Window Locks: Investing in high-quality, tamper-resistant locks designed for casement windows can significantly improve security. Look for models made from durable materials, such as stainless steel, which offer better resistance to tampering.

Modern Ironmongery for Enhanced Casement Window Security

Upgrading the ironmongery on your wooden casement windows is a key step in improving overall security. Modern, high-quality ironmongery not only reinforces the security of the window but also enhances its functionality:

1. Reinforced Hinges: Upgrading to stronger, more durable hinges will make the window more resistant to being forced open. Consider heavy-duty, tamper-resistant hinges for added protection.
2. Multi-Point Locking Systems: These systems provide superior security by locking the window at several points along the frame, making it more difficult for intruders to bypass. They are especially useful for large or high-security windows.
3. Window Stays and Restrictors: Window stays allow the window to open slightly for ventilation while maintaining a level of security by limiting how far the window can open. This is useful for preventing break-ins without sacrificing fresh air.
4. Reinforced Casement Fasteners: Stronger casement fasteners made from materials such as brass or steel can improve the window’s resistance to forceful entry.

Maintaining Wooden Casement Windows for Optimal Security

Regular maintenance is essential to keeping your wooden casement windows secure. Over time, wear and tear can compromise both the functionality and security of the windows. Here’s how to maintain them for optimal security:

1. Regular Inspection: Inspect your wooden casement windows regularly to check for signs of damage or wear. Look for any cracks, gaps, or loose hinges, and address these issues promptly to prevent weakening the window’s security.
2. Lubricate the Mechanisms: The window’s cranks, hinges, and locks should be lubricated to ensure smooth operation and prevent any parts from becoming worn or stiff. Proper lubrication can also prevent rust and corrosion, especially in humid climates.
3. Upgrade Old Locks: If your wooden casement windows have old or weak locking mechanisms, consider upgrading to more secure options. This could include key-operated locks, multi-point locking systems, or other modern locking devices.
4. Re-seal the Frame: Over time, the wood in the frame can expand or contract, leading to gaps that may compromise security. Ensure the frame is well-sealed and repair any gaps to prevent access.
5. Weatherproofing: Wooden windows are susceptible to the elements, so it is crucial to ensure the frames are properly sealed to protect them from moisture damage, which can lead to wood rot and weakened security. Repaint or treat the wood regularly to maintain its integrity.

By addressing these areas, wooden casement windows can remain secure and continue to function effectively, providing both aesthetic appeal and robust protection for your home.

Comparing Sash and Casement Window Security

Security Strengths of Wooden Sash Windows

1. Traditional Locking Mechanisms: Wooden sash windows can be equipped with modern, key-operated sash locks that secure the window at the top and bottom. These locks prevent the window from being opened, even if the window is in a partially open position, offering better security.
2. Strong Frame Construction: Wooden sash windows are often made with solid, durable frames that, if well-maintained, offer a sturdy barrier to forced entry. The quality of wood used can make it more difficult to break through compared to weaker materials.
3. Multiple Locking Points: With the right ironmongery, sash windows can feature multi-point locking systems, which secure the window in multiple locations, increasing the overall resistance to tampering and forced entry.
4. Ability to Add Reinforcements: Sash windows allow for the easy addition of security features such as restrictors, heavy-duty sash fasteners, and reinforced locks. This makes them flexible and able to meet specific security needs.

Security Strengths of Wooden Casement Windows

1. Multi-Point Locking Capability: Casement windows are well-suited to multi-point locking systems that secure the window at various points along the frame. These locks provide superior protection and are harder to bypass, offering greater security than traditional locking mechanisms.
2. Sturdy Hinges and Frames: Casement windows are side-hinged, and with high-quality hinges, they can be quite secure. The side-hinged design makes them harder to manipulate than a sliding mechanism, as the window has fewer weak points compared to sash windows.
3. Weatherproofing and Durability: The out-swing design of casement windows can improve the weatherproofing of the window, which also contributes to better security. When the window is fully closed, it’s harder for wind or external forces to move it.
4. Locking Variety: Casement windows can be equipped with a variety of high-security locks, including key-operated locks, espagnolette bolts, and lockable fasteners, offering flexibility in security solutions. These systems make it more difficult for burglars to break into your home.

Security Weaknesses of Wooden Sash Windows

1. Vulnerable Sliding Mechanism: The sliding mechanism of sash windows is often a weak point. If not properly maintained, the track can become damaged or misaligned, potentially allowing an intruder to force the window open.
2. Limited Locking Points: Traditional sash windows may only feature a simple lock at the meeting rail (where the two sashes overlap), which is easier for burglars to bypass compared to modern multi-point locking systems.
3. Ageing Wooden Frames: Over time, wooden frames can warp, rot, or deteriorate, creating gaps that could weaken the overall security of the window. This is particularly common in older homes where the windows may not have been regularly maintained.
4. Gaps and Drafts: Over time, the weight-and-pulley mechanism and window sash can develop slight gaps, which compromise the window’s ability to resist break-ins. This can be an issue, particularly with older windows that are not well-sealed.

Security Weaknesses of Wooden Casement Windows

1. Hinge Vulnerabilities: The main weak point in a casement window is the hinge, especially in older windows where the hinges may have weakened over time. If these hinges are not properly reinforced, an intruder can exploit them to pry the window open.
2. Simpler Locking Systems: Traditional casement window latches are often not as secure as modern locking mechanisms. Without upgrading to more robust locks, these windows may be more vulnerable to break-ins.
3. Frame Deterioration: Just like sash windows, wooden casement windows are susceptible to deterioration from the elements. Wooden frames that are exposed to moisture or extreme weather can weaken, making the window easier to force open or break.
4. Limited Reinforcement Options: While modern casement windows can accommodate multi-point locking systems, older wooden casement windows may have fewer reinforcement options, making them more prone to weakness, especially around the hinges and lock areas.

In conclusion, both sash and casement windows have their unique security strengths and weaknesses. While casement windows tend to offer more modern locking capabilities and better overall security against forced entry, sash windows can be just as secure when properly reinforced with the right locks and ironmongery.

How to Choose the Best Window Type for Security

Choosing the best window type for security depends on various factors that balance the need for protection with other considerations such as style, functionality, and cost. Here are key elements to consider when deciding between sash and casement windows:

Factors to Consider When Choosing Between Sash and Casement Windows

Security Features

• Sash Windows: Typically require additional security upgrades due to their sliding mechanism. If reinforced with modern locking systems, like multi-point locks or sash restrictors, they can offer strong protection. However, their traditional design can make them more vulnerable if left unmaintained.
• Casement Windows: Often come with more advanced security features, including multi-point locking systems, which provide a higher level of protection. Their side-hinged design also makes them more secure against forced entry compared to the sliding mechanism of sash windows.

Durability and Maintenance

• Sash Windows: Over time, sash windows can develop weaknesses in their frame, sash, and sliding components, especially in older homes. Regular maintenance is required to keep the window seals tight and the locking mechanisms functioning properly.
• Casement Windows: While more durable, the hinges and locks on casement windows can deteriorate over time, particularly in areas with high humidity. Reinforcing these elements with high-quality hardware and regular maintenance will help maintain their security level.

Ease of Installation and Upgrades

• Sash Windows: Retrofitting sash windows with modern locks or ironmongery can be more challenging due to their traditional design. However, once upgraded, they can provide excellent security without compromising the aesthetic.
• Casement Windows: Generally easier to upgrade with modern security features such as multi-point locks, reinforced hinges, and weatherproofing. This makes them a more flexible option for improving security without major structural changes.

Window Location and Access Points

• Sash Windows: Ideal for areas where a traditional or vintage look is desired but can be less secure in easily accessible locations if not properly secured.
• Casement Windows: Better suited for ground-level or less accessible areas of the home, as their outward-opening mechanism and locking system provide more resistance to forced entry.

Balancing Security with Aesthetic and Practical Needs

When choosing between sash and casement windows, it’s important to balance security with the overall aesthetic and functional needs of your home:

Aesthetic Considerations

• Sash Windows: Offer a timeless, classic look and are ideal for period homes or properties that need to maintain historical accuracy. They fit well with traditional architecture and can be an important feature in conservation areas.
• Casement Windows: While more modern in appearance, casement windows can still fit well in traditional settings, especially if you choose a style that complements the existing design. They are often preferred for contemporary homes due to their clean lines and ease of use.

Practicality and Functionality

• Sash Windows: Great for ventilation and providing a vintage charm, but they require more maintenance and can be tricky to upgrade with modern security features.
• Casement Windows: Provide excellent ventilation and are easier to operate than sash windows, with the added benefit of better security and easier integration with modern locks. Casement windows also allow for better sealing, which can improve energy efficiency.

Cost and Installation

• Sash Windows: Can be more expensive to upgrade with modern locks and ironmongery, especially in older buildings where the frames need to be replaced or reinforced.
• Casement Windows: While generally more affordable and easier to install, higher-quality locks and modern ironmongery may increase the overall cost. However, their security features might justify the additional cost.

When choosing between sash and casement windows, security should be a top priority, especially if you have wooden frames. Both window types come with their own set of security advantages and challenges, and the right choice largely depends on the specific needs of your home.

Final Thoughts on Sash vs Casement Window Security

• Sash Windows: Traditional and charming, sash windows can offer strong security with the right upgrades. Reinforcing them with modern locking systems and high-quality ironmongery is key to keeping them secure. While sash windows might require more maintenance and retrofitting, they can provide excellent protection when properly secured.
• Casement Windows: These windows typically offer superior security straight out of the box due to their design and compatibility with multi-point locking systems. Casement windows are generally easier to upgrade and maintain, making them a solid choice for homeowners prioritising security. Their side-hinged mechanism offers additional resistance to forced entry, especially when equipped with durable locks.

Ultimately, casement windows may offer an edge in security due to their more robust locking options and easier maintenance, but with the right security upgrades, sash windows can also offer great protection, especially in homes where aesthetics are key.

Tips for Securing Wooden Windows in Your Home

1. Upgrade Locks and Ironmongery
   Invest in high-quality locks specifically designed for wooden frames. Key-operated locks, multi-point locking systems, and reinforced fasteners are effective for both sash and casement windows.
2. Regular Maintenance
   Ensure that both sash and casement windows are properly maintained. Regularly check hinges, locks, and frames for wear or damage that could compromise security.
3. Install Window Restrictors
   Adding restrictors to sash windows can prevent them from opening too wide, making it harder for burglars to enter. Casement windows can benefit from restrictors or additional locking points.
4. Consider Reinforced Glass
   If security is a major concern, consider upgrading to laminated or toughened glass, which is harder to break, providing an additional layer of protection.
5. Use Modern Ironmongery
   Modern ironmongery, such as steel bolts and heavy-duty fasteners, can significantly enhance the strength of your windows. These should be compatible with the window type and frame material.

At Todi & Boys, we only use high-quality ironmongery and multi-point locking systems to ensure that all of our windows and doors are safe and secure.